Pieter M. Judson - História do Império Habsburgo

The story of one of the greatest empires of all time and its tremendous influence on the world as we know it.When the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved in 1918, the (abbreviated) title of the emperor was as follows:

His Royal and Imperial Apostolic Majesty, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slovenia, Galicia and Lodomeria, and Illyria; King of Jerusalem; Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany and Kraków; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and Bukovina; Prince of Transylvania, Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, Modena, Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen, Friuli, Ragusa and Zara; Prince of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trentino and Brixen; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg (etc.); Lord of Trieste, Cathar and Wendland; Grand Voivode of the Voivodeship of Serbia, etc.

The breadth of the title clearly demonstrates the size and plurality of the Empire. For centuries, it managed to govern an unusual array of peoples and territories at different stages of development, with different creeds and dozens of languages. However, the revolutions of 1848 and the aspirations of the population, inflamed by nationalist movements (quite a minority at first), and the various wars (but the one of 1914-1918 in particular), led to the disintegration of the Empire and the creation of several states. Ironically, most of the states resulting from this disintegration ended up replicating the imperial model: multilingual territories, sometimes conquered by force, with various ethnic minorities.